{"id":6012,"date":"2017-04-18T12:52:31","date_gmt":"2017-04-18T12:52:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/blog\/?p=6012"},"modified":"2023-10-29T11:00:42","modified_gmt":"2023-10-29T11:00:42","slug":"full-standards-half-standards-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/blog\/index.php\/full-standards-half-standards-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"Full Standards &#038; Half Standards \u2013 Horticultural Tree Forms Explained"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ever wondered what exactly full standards refer to when choosing trees for your garden? Well, you have come to the right place!\u00a0The form of the tree you purchase is an important consideration when deciding on which specimen to choose.<\/p>\n<div class=\"video-shortcode\"><iframe title=\"Paramount Plants - Full Standard &amp; Half Standard Trees Explained\" width=\"1100\" height=\"619\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pZ2y-h54av8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6067\" style=\"width: 710px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6067\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6067\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/full-standards.jpg\" alt=\"Full Standards - a walkway lined with rows of full standard hornbeam trees\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-6067\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Full Standards &#8211; a walkway lined with rows of full standard pleach lime trees<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!--more-->There are specific, generally accepted terms used by nurseries across the UK as defined by various government regulations and standards. The terms describe commercially recognised cultivated tree shapes. These terms used to describe the \u2018form\u2019 of a given tree are meant to assist the consumer with determining the cultivated shape, as opposed to terms which help describe varietal factors like appearance, foliage colour, shape and flower colour. Shape definitions relate to the crown\u2019s shape and presentation, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/blog\/index.php\/columnar-evergreen-trees\/\">columnar<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/plant\/bht\/boxhead-hornbeam-trees.html\">boxed<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/plant\/jhgc\/juniperus-horizontalis-golden-carpet.html\">spreading<\/a>, etc. Size descriptors include girth, height, and pot size. Sizes are reported as measured at the point of sale. Girth is the circumference of the trunk for Standard (Std) trees, which we\u2019ll explain shortly. \u00bc or \u00bd Standard Trees and olive trees are the exceptions, where their girths are measured half way up the trunk.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Standard Trees (also Full Standard)<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6070\" style=\"width: 710px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6070\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6070\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/ligustrum-japonica-texanum-full-standard-700.jpg\" alt=\"Full Standard Trees demonstratng the shape of full standards\" width=\"700\" height=\"1273\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-6070\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Full Standard Trees &#8211; demonstratng the clear stem shape of full standards<\/p><\/div>\n<p>A\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/plant\/ligtex\/ligustrum-japonica-texanum.html\">stan<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/plant\/ligtex\/ligustrum-japonica-texanum.html\">dard form tree<\/a> has a single, straight trunk, absent of lower branches for a minimum of the first 1.8 metres. It is important that if you desire your fully grown tree to be of Standard form once mature, you specify this and verify that it already has a trunk clear of branches to 1.8 metres. If you\u2019re buying a much younger tree which you will prune and trim to Standard form, you will want to make sure it has a straight main trunk with no bends or forks. You then train it as such so as to create and maintain the Standard form you desire. The \u2018trick\u2019 is to do so while maintaining a symmetrical, balanced framework of laterals as the crown of the tree develops. If you\u2019re not trained in this practice, you should best seek advice online or from an arborist or qualified horticulturalist.<\/p>\n<p>A Standard form tree should be specified by girth size, and if possible, pot\/container size. Keep in mind to choose full standards with adequately sized pots.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4513\" style=\"width: 710px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4513\" class=\"wp-image-4513 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/pleached-trees.jpg\" alt=\"pleached trees\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4513\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pleached Trees in a row looking very sculptural even in winter<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Half-Standard Trees (HS)<br \/>\n<\/strong>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/plant\/thsmhs\/thuja-smaragd-half-standard-trees.html\">Half Standard tree form<\/a> will have a different look and placement than Full Standards. The guideline specification for their clear trunk height to first branches is between 1.2-1.5 metres. These tree forms are best in containers or as a feature in a small garden bed.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/plant\/photiniahalfstantop\/photinia-red-robin-half-standard-topiary.html\">\u00be Standard Trees<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong>Some trees are categorized as having a \u00be Standard form, such as olive trees and bay trees. They will have trunks clear of branches to approximately 80-90 centimetres. In the case of a \u00be standard olive, for example, it will measure 90 cm to the leaves, then have a head diameter of 40-50 cm, with a total height of 140-150 cm.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/plant\/photiniahalfstantop\/photinia-red-robin-half-standard-topiary.html\">Quarter Standard Trees<\/a> (QS)<\/strong><br \/>\nAn even more compact tree form is the quarter standard tree. Typically grown in containers for the patio or in a raised planter structure, the Quarter Standard Form will possess a trunk cleared of lower branches for the first 1.2-1.5 metres.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6044\" style=\"width: 710px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6044\" class=\"wp-image-6044 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/topiary-bay-lollipops.jpg\" alt=\"Four sizes of our topiary bay lollipops - Tree forms are \u00bc \u00bd \u00be and full standards (left to right)\" width=\"700\" height=\"578\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-6044\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four standard sizes of our topiary bay lollipops: Tree forms are \u00bc \u00bd \u00be and full standards (left to right)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Watch our 3 minute video explaining standard trees and their uses:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Feathered (Fth)<br \/>\n<\/strong>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/plant\/acerdf\/acer-dissectum-feathered.html\">feathered tree<\/a> has a central trunk with lateral branches from the ground up.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/plant\/betulajm\/betula-jacquemontii-multi-stem.html\">Multi-Stemmed Trees<\/a> (MS)<\/strong><br \/>\nThis type of tree form has many stems emerging laterally just above the ground surface. To form this type, the trunk is actually cut off above a node when young, so that multiple buds and subsequent stems arise from that, with usually at least 3 allowed to develop into the resulting tree. Occasionally, arborists and hortic<\/p>\n<p>ulturalists will use the term multi-stemmed when planting more than one tree close to another and training as above.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Other Tree Forms:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/pleached-trees.html\">Pleached trees<\/a><\/strong> come in varying proportions and sizes, generally with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/clear-stem-trees.html\">clear stems<\/a> but have been trained in some fashion, typically using a bamboo frame. They might be shaped to grow as an aerial screen above a fence or wall (often referred to as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/blog\/index.php\/raised-hedging\/\">stilted hedging<\/a>). \u00a0Pleached trees can also come in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/plant\/bht\/boxhead-hornbeam-trees.html\">box or cubed shape<\/a>. \u00a0A typical \u2018aerial\u2019 pleach will have a 2 metre trunk and a \u2018panel\u2019 of approximately 3 metres X 2 metres for aerial screen applications.<\/p>\n<p>Pleached trees do not always have to be aerial or stilted. The most important point about pleached trees is that the crown is trained in a horizontal manner. Our pleached tree collection includes for example <a href=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/plant\/laurpl\/laurus-nobilis-pleached-trees.html\">Pleached Bay Trees<\/a>, which have been pleached on bamboo frames from the ground (or pot level) upwards. The idea is to provide an <strong>instant living screen<\/strong> that does not take up a large amount of lateral space.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/plant\/mdrg\/malus-domestica-royal-gala.html\"><strong>Espaliered Trees<\/strong><\/a> can be similar to pleached fruit trees, but are formed so as to be grown along a wall or fixed structure. The Espaliered technique is most often used for Fruit Trees. They are an excellent fit where space is at a premium. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/plant\/pddc\/pyrus-doyenne-du-comice.html\"><strong>Fan Trained Trees<\/strong><\/a> are also a form that ends up as the name suggests. These are also very useful as a decorative focal point on vertical structures, walls, or fences. Fruit trees which prefer a warm sheltered aspect, such as peaches and apricots can do very well on warm, south facing verticals to capture more heat, and fan shaping adds a nice decorative touch. Fan trained shapes are created using a set of horizontal wires and a short, clear stem of about 0.5 metres with a set of branches above formed to a fan shape by pruning, while being trained with the wires.<\/p>\n<p>Espaliered and Fan Trained Trees will need the appropriate summer pruning in order to maintain the desired artistic or functional form you intended. Typically, a mature fan trained tree will consume 3-4.5 metres in width and 2.5-3.0 metres in height.<\/p>\n<p>Most types of fruit trees on the market can be trained as espaliers or fans, though some varieties are better than others. You can train your own shapes, but you need an untrained, 1-year old \u2018maiden\u2019 tree on a suitable rootstock. You should seek more training and information on the best rootstocks and methodology if you are not familiar with this style of tree forming.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6071\" style=\"width: 710px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6071\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6071\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/espaliered-fruit-trees.jpg\" alt=\"Espaliered Fruit Tree carefully trained against a sunny wall\" width=\"700\" height=\"933\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-6071\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Espaliered Fruit Tree carefully trained against a sunny wall<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Some suggestions relating to Tree Forms:\u00a0<\/strong>Girth size is an important piece of information when selecting Full Standards, Half Standards and Quarter-Standard Tree Forms. Pot size is also important, though of secondary importance when buying Standard forms. Feathered trees and multi-stemmed forms should specify height as well as pot size; but girth is typically of secondary importance. Pleached trees should specify girth and pot size, and dimensions of any of the laterals and pleached features can be useful.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Staking Trees<\/strong><br \/>\nRemember when planting trees to make sure that adequate staking is factored in that is not likely to move in winter storms. Stakes can normally be removed in around 3-5 years. Our<a href=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/plant\/trs\/tree-stakes.html\"> Tree Stakes and Ties pack<\/a> is perfectly designed for planting clear stemmed trees &#8211; one pack for one tree &#8211; it couldn&#8217;t be easier!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ever wondered what exactly full standards refer to when choosing trees for your garden? Well, you have come to the right place!\u00a0The form of the tree you purchase is an important consideration when deciding on which specimen to choose. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6067,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[313],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gardening-questions-answers"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Full Standards Half Standards | Horticultural Tree Forms Explained<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Full Standards Half Standards and other Horticultural Tree Forms Explained - Terms describing commercially recognised cultivated tree shapes\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.paramountplants.co.uk\/blog\/index.php\/full-standards-half-standards-explained\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Full Standards &amp; 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