Euonymus Japonicus or Japanese or Evergreen Spindle

Euonymus Japonicus, known as the Evergreen Spindle or Japanese Spindle, is a versatile and attractive evergreen shrub or small tree valued for its dense foliage and year-round structure. Native to Japan and Korea, this species has long been admired for its adaptability, low-maintenance nature and suitability for formal hedging or as a striking specimen plant. Its neat growth habit and glossy dark green leaves make it an ideal choice for gardens seeking year-round greenery and architectural interest.

This bushy, medium-sized shrub or small tree can reach up to 4 metres in height. The foliage consists of leathery, oval-shaped leaves that are a rich dark green, providing a glossy and refined appearance throughout the seasons. In late spring to early summer, Euonymus Japonicus produces inconspicuous greenish flowers, which, although not showy, add subtle seasonal interest. The fruits, which are rarely produced in UK conditions, are a combination of pink and orange with a touch of white, offering an ornamental bonus where they appear.

Euonymus Japonicus is often compared to Euonymus Fortunei, but there are key differences. While Euonymus Fortunei is a lower-growing, more spreading species often used as ground cover, Euonymus Japonicus has a more upright and bushy form, making it better suited for hedging and topiary. It is also related to Euonymus Alatus, a deciduous relative famed for its autumn colour, but Euonymus Japonicus retains its foliage all year round.

There are many cultivated varieties and hybrids available, offering foliage in a range of colours. Popular selections include ‘Kathy’ with its cream-margined leaves, ‘Bravo’ with bright yellow variegation, and Euonymus Japonicus Paloma Blanca which produces striking white new growth.

Height and Width of Euonymus Japonicus

Mature plants typically reach around 4 metres in height with a spread of 2.5 metres, forming a dense and uniform shape.

How hardy is Euonymus Japonicus?

Euonymus Japonicus is fully hardy across most parts of the UK. It tolerates a wide range of soils and can thrive in both coastal and urban settings, showing good resistance to wind and pollution.

Uses in Garden and/or Landscape

Highly versatile, the Evergreen Spindle is perfect for formal hedges, evergreen screening and topiary. It can also be grown as a single specimen in a mixed border, or in large plant containers to provide structure on patios and terraces. Its evergreen foliage provides a strong backdrop for seasonal planting schemes.

Care Tips

Euonymus Japonicus is tolerant of most soil types and grows well in full sun to partial shade. It benefits from light pruning in late spring or early summer to maintain its shape and encourage bushy growth. Variegated varieties should be pruned to remove any shoots that revert to plain green, ensuring their foliage colour remains vibrant. Regular watering in the first growing season will help establish strong roots, after which the plant is drought-tolerant. Minimal feeding with a balanced fertiliser in spring will support healthy foliage and steady growth.