Osmanthus Yunnanensis or Yunnan Osmanthus

Osmanthus yunnanensis is a striking and versatile evergreen shrub or small tree, known for its handsome foliage and highly fragrant winter flowers. Commonly referred to as Yunnan Osmanthus it is also frequently referred to as Yunnan Sweet Olive, Fragrant Tea Olive, or simply Yunnan Fragrant Olive. This elegant plant brings year-round structure to the garden and a delightful burst of scent at a time when little else is in bloom. A recipient of the RHS Award of Garden Merit, Osmanthus yunnanensis is valued for both its ornamental appeal and its adaptability in UK gardens.

Yunnan Osmanthus is a broad, upright-growing evergreen that can be grown as a large shrub or pruned into a small multi-stemmed tree. Its glossy, leathery leaves are a deep olive-green and may grow up to 20cm long. Leaf shape is notably variable—even on the same plant—ranging from smooth-edged to softly undulating or even spiny-toothed, which contributes to its distinctive and textured appearance.

From late winter to early spring, clusters of small, creamy-white flowers emerge at the base of the leaves. While the blooms are modest in size, their sweet, jasmine-like fragrance is powerful and far-reaching, often detectable before the flowers are visible. After flowering, Osmanthus yunnanensis may produce small, egg-shaped fruit, dark purple with a white bloom, adding further seasonal interest.

Native to the mountainous regions of southwestern China, particularly Yunnan Province, Osmanthus yunnanensis is less common than other members of the genus, such as Osmanthus heterophyllus or Osmanthus Burkwoodii. Its larger, variable leaves and winter-blooming fragrance set it apart, offering a unique combination of structural presence and seasonal delight not often found in evergreen shrubs.

Height and Width of Osmanthus Yunnanensis:
Eventual Height is  4 to 6 metres and Width or Spread reaching 3 to 4 metres. Slow to moderate-growing, Yunnan Osmanthus can be maintained as a dense shrub or lightly shaped into a small ornamental tree.

How hardy is Osmanthus Yunnanensis?
Osmanthus yunnanensis is fully hardy across most of the UK (RHS H5), tolerating temperatures down to around -15°C. In colder regions, a sheltered position is advised to protect flower buds from late frosts.

Uses in Garden and Landscape
Ideal for use as a specimen shrub, informal hedge, or evergreen screen, Yunnan Osmanthus is especially effective near paths, entrances, or seating areas where its winter scent can be appreciated. Its varied foliage also makes it an attractive backdrop in mixed borders, woodland gardens, or more formal planting schemes. Unlike spiny hollies, its leaves are less abrasive, making it a more tactile choice for family-friendly gardens.

Care Tips
Plant Osmanthus yunnanensis in full sun to partial shade, in moist but well-drained soil. It is tolerant of a range of soil types, including clay, provided drainage is adequate. Once established, it is drought-tolerant and relatively low maintenance. Pruning is rarely necessary, but it may be shaped lightly after flowering if needed. Mulch annually in spring to retain moisture and suppress weeds.